India is the third-largest producer and the second-largest consumer of electricity in the world. Against a backdrop of rising demand and the need to decarbonise, it has set an ambitious aspiration of becoming energy independent by 2047.

Achieving this aim requires energy sector transformation, improving efficiency, reliability, digitalisation, and sustainability.

Essentially, to be truly energy independent, India needs to produce more energy and generate it through sustainable methods as well as minimise losses during transmission, distribution, and consumption.

Over the last few decades, the demand for electricity in India has increased exponentially, driven by industrialisation, digitisation, and technological advancements.

This need has been partly met by growth in renewable energy – from 2010 to 2022, India’s generation capacity, including renewables, has grown by 85%.

India is now the fourth-largest global producer of windpower and the fifth largest in generator of solar power.

However, the country is not energy independent, currently spending $160 billion annually on energy imports.

India has therefore set ambitious targets to become energy independent by 2047, as well as further expanding its use of non-fossil fuel generation to reduce carbon emissions by 1 billion tonnes by 2030 and achieve net zero emissions by 2070.

Achieving these goals requires transformational change across the sector, focusing on ten imperatives grouped around three themes – sustainability in power generation, making national power transmission networks future-ready, and increasing the profitability of players in the distribution sector.

Ways to energy independence

1. Become self-sustaining in power generation

It is increasingly difficult to meet rapidly growing energy demand with current power resources, particularly given the rising price of coal.

At the same time achieving net zero targets requires a substantial reduction in carbon emissions from power generation,

The industry therefore needs to focus on the following three key imperatives:

Scale up the contribution of green energy

To ensure an affordable and cleaner energy mix there needs to be a dramatic increase in the use of renewable energy sources.

The potential is there – the Indian Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) estimates that the country has a renewable energy potential of around 1700 GW from commercially exploitable sources. However, unlocking the investment needed to deliver renewable growth requires reforms to:

• Improve investor confidence
• Remove entry barriers such as difficulty in land acquisition
• Boost domestic manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) cells and wind equipment
• Incentives to increase the adoption of rooftop solar.

Alongside this the industry should increase the emphasis on baseload technologies such as offshore wind and nuclear generation, increasing nuclear energy production by establishing scalable small modular reactors (SMRs), utilising locally available thorium, and building a regulatory environment conducive to these alternatives.

Promote green hydrogen as a carbon-neutral energy storage solution

Leveraging renewable energy sources to meet total electricity demand is not possible without developing additional energy storage solutions.

Green hydrogen is emerging as the go-to option in areas that require high power density storage and have space/weight constraints.

Read more: India rubber-stamps $2bn Green Hydrogen Mission

Increasing its use requires the introduction of financial incentives for stakeholders and ensuring self-sufficiency in electrolyser production.

With this in place, readily available biomass can be used to generate green hydrogen as long as robust logistics are in place to transport it to production facilities.

Accelerate Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS)

To meet its net zero emission target, India should also look at CCUS technology. This can complement and supplement nature-based carbon removal solutions, such as afforestation and reforestation.

India’s carbon storage potential varies from 5 to 400 billion tons of CO2, located mainly in geological formations such as coal fields, oil and gas fields, sedimentary basins, and saline aquifers.

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Greater uptake of CCUS for decarbonisation can be driven by introducing financing channels for CCUS implementers, investing in R&D to identify cost-effective mechanisms, establishing a start-to-end governance framework for CCUS management, and participating in global forums to leverage recent developments.

2. Make national power transmission future ready

The second key theme relies on transformation of the transmission sector, both to increase current efficiency and to accommodate changing dynamics within the industry.

Mitigating these technical issues relies on four key imperatives:

Enhancing infrastructure development and augmenting capacity

The country should look to improve transmission infrastructure through the deployment of anti-theft and anti-oxidation cables to reduce theft and technical losses, shifting toward high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines for long-distance transmission, imposing stricter penalties for transmission network developers upon default, and expediting development of interstate transmission lines.

Watch: Video interview – Exploring India’s rapid electrification and digitalisation

Securing the future of the national smart grid

India must support the development of a national smart grid by designing and implementing a strategy that emphasises efficient data collection by installing smart meters at nodal points, securing data communications by using narrow broadband technologies, building data concentrator units, and piloting dedicated systems like smart grid control centres (SGCCs) and outage management systems (OMSs).

Deploying microgrids effectively

The objective across the sector should be to achieve flexibility and scale by deploying microgrids in coordination with local operators. At the same time, this strategy should be future proofed by retaining the possibility of complete integration into the national grid in the future.

Establishing world-class grid congestion management

With an increasing share of renewable energy, more efficient use of available network capacity will become a necessity. Unnecessary grid investments and ineffective grid operations must be avoided through the deployment of direct control methods (e.g., peak shaving), market-based methods, or a combination of both.

3. Driving greater profitability for distribution companies (DISCOMs)

The distribution of power is the most troubled sector across the Indian value chain. State DISCOMs, who make up 93% of distribution companies have been characterised by negative net worth (-$4.49 billion), high debt ($62.87 billion), and operational inefficiencies.

This highlights an urgent need for transformation, leveraging the following three key imperatives:

Harnessing the digital potential of power distribution through smart meters

Distribution companies need to successfully digitize by developing digital infrastructure such as smart meters.

This will allow them to transform energy distribution through consumer-centric engagement strategies, the phasing in of nationwide deployment with constant feedback collection, and by investing in a multilevel data security system.

Pushing for increased private player participation

Currently 7% of DISCOMs are privately held, though the presence of major private players has increased significantly over the last few years.

This trend should be accelerated through the help of supporting regulatory frameworks as well as providing financial support in terms of subsidies and rebates for private entities.

Scaling up adoption of power exchanges

While the Indian power exchange market is still in its infancy, now is the time to implement and experiment with reforms to create a solution targeted to local needs.

These should include the introduction of a market-coupling operator to discover a common market clearing price (MCP) across exchanges, initiating energy derivative markets with regulatory frameworks that support fair price determination and shorter credit lines, and considering a market-based economic dispatch model to prevent complete replacement of power purchase agreements (PPAs).

Energy independence is of growing importance to leading nations. India could fast-track its self-reliance goals by leveraging these ten key imperatives toward strategy-driven reform.

With some directed momentum, India can achieve its aspiration of becoming an energy independent nation, while at the same time meeting net zero targets.

Barnik Chitran Maitra is a partner at Arthur D. Little.

Recap: The ten ways to energy independence

1.Scale up the contribution of green energy

2. Promote green hydrogen as a carbon-neutral energy storage solution

3. Accelerate Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS)

4. Enhancing infrastructure development and augmenting capacity

5. Securing the future of the national smart grid

6. Deploying microgrids effectively

7. Establishing world-class grid congestion management

8. Harnessing the digital potential of power distribution through smart meters

9. Pushing for increased private player participation

10. Scaling up adoption of power exchanges

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The partnership will drive the development, commercialization and adoption of advanced, fully integrated solutions for plastic waste processing.

Sulzer says the move will allow it to offer complete recycling lines based on Fuenix’s Ecogy technology and Sulzer’s own separation and purification solutions.

The technology from Netherlands-based Fuenix Ecogy converts sorted end-of-life mixed plastic waste into high-value hydrocarbons with ‘virgin-like’ properties.

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The solution offers high recovery and conversion rates, enabling a high degree of circularity in the plastic value chain.

Fuenix Ecogy Group chief executive Sirt Mellema said the partnership with Sulzer “will be key to help us scale our technology and promote its global adoption, so that we can help create a circular economy for plastic waste”.

Suzanne Thoma, Executive Chair at Sulzer, added: “With the acquisition of a stake in Fuenix Ecogy we are enhancing our scope and portfolio in creating fully circular, zero-waste plastic value chains.

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While the conference and exposition officially begin on Tuesday, February 21, enthusiastic attendees from all over the globe flew in early to take in a tour of the Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC) Gardenia Innovation and Operations Center followed by a tour of the 740MW Cane Island Power Park.

Visit POWERGEN International in Orlando, Florida, 21-23 Feb 2023

Grid-edge R&D

OUC’s facility is where the municipal utility tests pre-commercialized or newly commercialized technology and includes a floating solar array, a vehicle-to-grid bi-directional charger, a 50-kW DC fast charger (soon to be upgraded to 120 kW), several Level 2 EV chargers, a 10-kW/40-kWh vanadium redox flow battery and two underground 8-kW/32-kWh flywheels.

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“We want to make sure we understand how they work, their operational characteristics and build new business cases around them before we put them in a position where they could be affecting our customers,” explained Rubin York, one of the three OUC engineers leading the tour.

In addition, OUC is testing a site controller that can operate the system in three main modes: PV smoothing, demand mitigation, which performs autonomous peak shaving, and contingency mode, which collects the assets into a microgrid.

“That is only possible thanks to these flywheels,” said York.

They go through a grid-forming bi-directional inverter which, in contingency mode, assess the frequency and voltage of the buildings and meters and disconnects the EV chargers, the PV inverter (per the IEEE standard), and any other load until the flywheels can output a good 60 hertz, 480-volt AC signal, said York. Once the flywheel generation is firm, OUC can slowly bring the loads back up and charge the EVs.

York also showed off the Cloud Impact Mapping System (CIMS), an in-house developed system that was designed to predict the ramp rate of solar PV as clouds come over and depart the solar PV. Should the technology scale, it could prove to be useful to electric utilities in Florida that are relying on a large amount of solar PV generation because Florida generally experiences a large amount of clouds.

“The goal is to build an array of these all around our territory, build a central repository, and have them effectively ‘hand off’ cloud systems to one another,” said York.

The OUC Gardenia site is also host to a rooftop solar array with bifacial solar panels and a solar parking canopy, which covers the parking lots for the facility.

Exceptional availability

After a quick bus ride and lunch, attendees toured the 740-MW Cane Island Power Park, which was available more than 90% of the time in 2021 and won an award for its exceptional availability.

Unit 3 of the park ran for nine months with no trips said Ken Rutter, COO of the Florida Municipal Power Authority (FMPA), which owns the plant. He added that the unit ran through Hurricane Ian and supplied power to customers who were able to accept it.

The POWERGEN group was split into four smaller groups and taken all throughout the park, viewing each generating unit, one turbine (that was not currently operating), condensers, cooling towers, the control center, and more. Rutter encouraged attendees to ask their tour guides anything at all – and they certainly took him up on that offer.

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The funding round was led by GM Ventures and Barclays Sustainable Impact Capital, with participation from SWEN CP and Siemens Energy Ventures. The investors will also act as strategic partners for GeoPura moving forward.

GeoPura offers an alternative to traditional diesel generators with its hydrogen power unit (HPU) technology used for temporary, supplementary, off-grid and backup power.

The firm generates hydrogen and transports the fuel to customers for use in its HPUs – customers simply rent the units and pay for the fuel used.

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The latest investment will enable mass manufacturing of HPUs and will increase the production of green hydrogen to fuel the units in the North East and throughout the UK.

The company also aims to bring a number of new products to market, addressing smaller and larger power requirements.

GeoPura chief executive Andrew Cunningham said the investment “allows us to build on our installed base of HPUs and hydrogen production infrastructure to stimulate the green hydrogen economy, and then expand the use of clean fuels into other hard-to-decarbonise areas of our energy system”.

“We have secured the right mix of investors, forming strategic partnerships that not only provide the funds to enable us to scale rapidly, but also the skills and resources to accelerate the transition to zero emission fuels.”

Why Europe’s head start on hydrogen is at risk

James Ferrier, Director of Principal Investments at Barclays Sustainable Impact Capital, said: “Whilst most of the focus in the UK is rightly on ‘greening’ our energy grid, industries which are reliant on fossil-fuel powered generators – such as construction, film production and events – should not be forgotten.

“Establishing tailored methods of off-grid green energy generation such as GeoPura’s Hydrogen Power Unit technology will be crucial for the decarbonisation of these industries, and we are excited to support GeoPura as they begin to scale.”

Kendra Rauschenberger, General Partner at Siemens Energy Ventures, said she has “worked alongside GeoPura from the early days” and added that “it has been incredible to see the development of this business as more customers turn to utilizing green hydrogen for their sustainable energy needs and commitments”.

GeoPura plans to deploy a fleet of over 3,600 HPUs by 2033 and is currently providing power to Balfour Beatty, HS2, National Grid and the BBC.

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A joint venture created to promote floating offshore windfarms in the Iberian Peninsula has announced its first project for Portugal.

IberBlue Wind has unveiled plans for a 990MW floating offshore windfarm off the coast of Figueira da Foz.

Called Botafogo after a 16^th century galleon that became known as the most powerful warship of its time, the windfarm will occupy an area of 359 km² and will have 55 wind turbines, each with a capacity of 18MW.

Figueira da Foz is one of five areas proposed by the Portuguese government for offshore renewable energy exploration.

IberBlue Wind vice-president Adrián de Andrés explained: “Figueira da Foz is a region with great potential.

“Besides the high wind strengths and the existing port infrastructure, it’s located near to the centre of the country where there is significant demand for energy from both industrial and private consumers”.

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IberBlue Wind says the development of the project will create thousands of jobs, most for development and construction and the rest for the operation and maintenance of turbines once oprational.

The Botafogo windfarm will be built on floating platforms anchored to the seabed allowing it to be located 30-50 km from the coast.

2GW of Iberian Peninsula potential

IberBlue Wind is a joint venture between Irish floating offshore wind company Simply Blue Group and Spanish companies Proes Consultores, the engineering division of Grupo Amper, and renewable energy developer FF New Energy Ventures.

It aims to develop at least 2GW of offshore wind capacity off the Iberian Peninsula using floating windfarms, each comprising 500MW or more.

IberBlue Wind announced a project in Spain last November. Nao Victoria will be in the Alboran Sea, off the coasts of Cadiz and Malaga, on an area of 310 km² and also with an installed capacity of 990MW.

The company says it is working on several other projects for the Iberian Peninsula which it plans to announce soon.

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This demonstration is the culmination of a $100 million research effort to develop next-generation concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) plants and showcase storage technology that could provide one gigawatt of storage for one hour at a single plant.

“Next-generation CSP has the potential to be a game-changer,” said Alejandro Moreno, acting assistant secretary for energy efficiency and renewable energy. “This pilot facility will demonstrate how CSP systems can meet the challenges of providing long-duration energy storage while reducing costs and complexity for solar thermal technology. At the same time, it also provides a pathway to commercialization for industrial process heat.”

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DOE launched its Generation 3 (Gen3) CSP research effort in 2017, challenging the industry to develop and test new technologies to achieve high-temperature plants.

The best commercially available technologies, which use mirrors to concentrate sunlight and heat molten salt on top of a tower, can only reach 565°C. DOE’s Gen3 CSP research initiative evaluated all viable pathways to operate a plant that could reach 720°C. Based on research findings, DOE then selected Sandia to develop its technology, which uses sand-like ceramic particles instead of molten salt and can withstand temperatures greater than 800°C. These particles can be used to transfer and store heat or power a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) turbine. If successful, this type of solar power plant could provide 100MW of power continuously, around the clock, at low cost.

Sandia received $25 million to build, test, and operate this facility at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility in Albuquerque, NM. To accelerate deployment and commercialisation, Sandia is working with international researchers in Saudi Arabia and Australia to test variants of key system components. The pilot is expected to be completed in 2024 and will prove that a particle-based plant could achieve DOE’s goal of making electricity-plus-storage from CSP even more affordable at 5 cents per kilowatt-hour.

Originally published on renewableenergyworld.com

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This is according to the updated 2022 Electricity Statement of Opportunities (ESOO) report released by the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO).

The report provides a reliability update based on changes to generation capacity with the aim of ensuring timely investment to fill any forecasted gaps created by the country’s shift away from coal power.

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The report identifies two increases to reliability risks, namely:

• Increased risk in South Australia and Victoria from 2026-27, when Torrens Island B in South Australia is now expected to retire. Forecast reliability risks increase further from 2028-29 in Victoria when Yallourn Power Station is expected to retire, and in South Australia from 2030-31 when numerous gas-fired power stations are expected to retire.
• Increased risk in New South Wales in 2023-24 due to the advised delay to the commissioning of the Kurri Kurri gas-powered generator.

AEMO CEO Daniel Westerman said in a statement: “Since publishing the 2022 ESOO, short-term forecast reliability gaps in South Australia (2023-24) and Victoria (2024-25) have been filled by new gas, wind and battery developments, along with a delay to the retirement of an existing gas generator.”

“Reliability gaps begin to emerge against the Interim Reliability Measure from 2025 onwards. These gaps widen until all mainland states in the NEM are forecast to breach the reliability standard from 2027 onwards, with at least five coal power stations totalling approximately 13 per cent of the NEM’s total capacity expected to retire.

“Urgent and ongoing investment in renewable energy, long-duration storage and transmission is needed to reliably meet demand from Australian homes and businesses,” he said.

Westerman reiterated that investment in firming generation, such as pumped hydro, gas and long-duration storage will be critical to combat renewable intermittency and meet electricity demand without coal-fired power.

The updated ESOO report also highlights the risk of events when electricity demand may exceed supply, such as in the case of extreme weather and generation and transmission outages.

Westerman added that: “The NEM has a strong pipeline of proposed generation and storage projects, totalling three times today’s generation capacity,” and AEMO will continue to work with governments, industry and the community to manage risks as the power system transitions from coal.

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According to Prysmian, extreme climate events like heavy rains and floods may cause deterioration to solar cables and failure with negative consequences on power generation capacity, reliability of power supplies and return on investment.

Prysmian performed extensive R&D to develop Prysolar with the aim of minimising cable failure due to unpredictable challenges from increasing solar applications.

Prysolar offers significant climate strength and a longer lifetime thanks to what Prysmian hails as a first-in-the-industry test protocol that certifies long term resistance in water for DC cables.

Also, operational efficiency is enhanced by the use of tailored solar string monitoring systems based on proprietary PRY-CAM technology.

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“Solar photovoltaic generation is set to cover more than 50% of the global electricity demand by 2050. Return on investment, asset efficiency, OPEX and Levelized Cost of Energy are the main and most critical priorities for our customers in the solar industry. Prysmian Prysolar, is the new generation of cables designed to provide our solar customers with peace of mind in these areas”, says Vanessa Alvarez, SVP industrial specialties, Prysmian Group

Prysmian will officially launch Prysolar at the Genera 2023 International Energy and Environment Fair taking place in Madrid from February 21 to 23, 2023.

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The project is planned for the Hunter‐Central Coast Renewable Energy Zone (REZ) as part of the NSW Government Electricity Infrastructure Roadmap.

It will be developed in stages to support the government’s deployment of renewable targets and progressive retirement of coal‐fired power stations in the area.

Project developers Newcastle Offshore Wind Energy Pty Ltd (NOWE) have been working with EDF Renewable on the project for the last 12 months and will continue as a partner to meet project milestones.

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CEO of EDF Renewables in Australia, Dave Johnson, said in a statement: “NOWE, based in Newcastle, has put in a lot of effort to build up their local development expertise and connect with the community and stakeholders, which puts this project in a great position to succeed in the proposed location and especially within the local community.”

Johnson added, “This landmark project will be developed in collaboration with a strong local team based in Newcastle and will require the establishment of an entirely new industry in Australia. I am very confident that this project will play a crucial role in providing new opportunities for employment, establishing new business and the revitalisation of existing business looking to transition from existing industries”.

EDF Renewables operates seven offshore wind farms globally and a further five are under construction including one with floating technology in France.

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This Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) waiver enables NYPA to conduct fully remote drone operations, such as asset and vegetative management inspections, at its 1,160MW Blenheim-Gilboa Pumped Storage Power Project in Schoharie County, about 60 miles from Albany, New York.

NYPA’s drone programme supports its asset management strategies and is part of an authority-wide digitisation initiative to modernise grid infrastructure to advance the efficient delivery of clean power statewide, according to a release.

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“The Power Authority is proud to be leading the way in the advanced deployment of automated flight technologies for use in the utility industry,” said Justin E. Driscoll, New York Power Authority acting president and chief executive officer. “Drones will become an even more valuable tool as we expand our capability to detect infrastructure issues and support our mapping and land management responsibilities. Being able to capture images remotely, regardless of weather conditions or distances, will allow us to track and evaluate our assets more efficiently and safely.”

FAA Part 107 regulations require pilots to maintain visual contact while operating a drone. This waiver allows operators to conduct operations without the requirement for the pilot or an observer to see the unmanned aircraft or to scan the surrounding airspace throughout the entire flight. Routes, however, must be pre-planned and the drone must remain within 50 feet above ground level or within 50 feet of structures.

The waiver was obtained with the help of Skydio, a US drone and software manufacturer providing equipment and advisory services. The waiver, which is specific to Skydio drones, authorizes operations through 2027 and grants NYPA the capability to conduct remote operations from other locations without an on-site pilot or visual observer. The timing of the waiver dovetails with the launch of a new drone docking technology by Skydio that allows drones to take off and land autonomously with a pilot directing operations from a remote location.

“This important approval enables NYPA to operate Skydio drones beyond line of sight without visual observers,” said Jenn Player, Skydio’s senior director of regulatory affairs. “Skydio autonomy and collision avoidance capabilities are key to conducting these low-altitude, high-value operations safely and easily.”

Peter Kalaitzidis, NYPA’s UAS programme manager, who submitted the application, said the Blenheim-Gilboa Pumped Storage Project was proposed as a first use case to prove the technology’s application, primarily because of the sparser population in the region. Drones are already being operated at various NYPA sites to monitor asset health, including for inspection of transmission lines, vegetation management and monitoring of overgrown trees, and spillway erosion mapping.

“Our application demonstrated to the FAA that we are ready to enhance our program and capabilities,” Kalaitzidis said. “Having this waiver removes limitations and unlocks opportunities moving forward. We will continue to explore potential uses for this technology that will benefit the Authority and hopefully the industry at large. At present, we are developing the procedures, mitigation steps and hardware so we can best use these resources over the next few years.”

NYPA’s in-house drone programme is researching and testing new applications to implement drones more fully into day-to-day utility operations while maintaining high standards of aviation professionalism and safety. More than 40 employees are trained as drone pilots.

NYPA is the largest state public power organization in the US, operating 16 generating facilities and more than 1,400 circuit-miles of transmission lines. More than 80% of the electricity NYPA produces is clean renewable hydropower.

Originally published on hydroreview.com

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